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RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
WIND PANEL
A wind turbine generally consists of
tower, blades, rotor, gear box, generator (alternator), electrical and
electronic components. The kinetic energy of the wind is converted into
mechanical energy in the rotor. The rotational motion of the rotor shaft is
accelerated and transferred to the generator in the body. The electrical energy
obtained from the generator is stored by batteries or transmitted directly to
the buyers.
To understand how wind turbines work, two
important aerodynamic forces must be well known. These are drag and lift
forces.The drag force is a force that occurs on the body in the direction of
flow. For example, the maximum drag force that can occur on a flat plate was
that the air flow was 90 ° perpendicular to the object. Lifting force is a
force that occurs perpendicular to the flow direction. It is named as buoyancy
because this force causes airplanes to take off from the ground.
There are many benefits of a wind turbine.
First of all, one of the most important ones is that it is nature friendly. It
generates electricity by using wind, which is a renewable energy source,
without polluting the environment.
What
is Solar Energy?
Solar energy, which is the cleanest
renewable energy source in the world, is actually heating energy. Most of this
energy consists of hydrogen. For this reason, it is known as the cleanest
renewable energy source in the world. The heating energies released during the
conversion of the hydrogen in the sun to helium are called solar energy.
Outside the world, this energy is almost constant and has a power of 1370 W /
m2. The power of this power on earth is maximum 1100 W / m2. These warnings are
converted into electrical energy thanks to solar panels. The systems that do
this are called "Solar Panel System".
As the solar energy system is quite
favorable position with Turkey. Solar panels come into our lives day by day in
our country as well as all over the world. Since it is cleaner and less costly
than other renewable energy sources, it is spread and used rapidly. The rate of
electricity generation from solar energy is increasing in the world. Today, it
is frequently used in solar panel fields, solar panel fields and factory roofs.
What are the Advantages of Solar
Energy?
• Solar energy is the cleanest
renewable energy source.
• It is an inexhaustible energy
ski.
• It can be used in almost every
field where energy is needed.
• Operating cost is very low.
• It is a natural and
environmentally friendly energy source. There are no harmful wastes to the
environment.
• It is not dependent on outside.
Not affected by economic crises
HYDROELECTRIC
What is Hydroelectrıc
Energy :
Hydroelectric Power is provided from
hydroelectric power plants (HES). They convert the power of running water into
electricity. The flow or drop rate of water determines the amount of energy in
the rapidly flowing water. The flow of water in the stream or river is largely
brought to On the other hand, when water
is dropped from a very high point, energy is provided at the same rate. Either
way, the water in the duct or pipes flows towards the turbines, turning the turbines
with handles such as propellers for electricity generation. Turbines are
connected to generators and energy is generated by converting mechanical energy
into electrical energy
The
importance of hydroelectric power plant:
–
Obtaining energy from water, which is a
renewable source,
–
They do not create greenhouse gas emissions
–
Construction and projecting can be done
entirely with domestic resources
–
Long technical life and lack of fuel expenses
extend productivity periods.
–
Operating maintenance costs are low after
initial installation costs.
–
They create employment opportunities,
–
It is the most important source of renewable
energy in terms of revitalizing the economic and social structure in rural
areas.
How
Hydroelectric Power Plants Are Classified:
Hydroelectric Power Plants can
be classified in 6 ways. They’re like, “I’
1.
By Storage Structures
2.
According to the thoughts
3.
According to their established power
4.
According to the Situations of Meeting the
Load of the National Electrical System
5.
See typology of the Dam Body
6.
According to the Location of the Power Plant
Building
What is Geothermal Energy?
It means soil temperature as a geothermal word. These are gases containing hot
water, steam and various chemicals formed by heat at different depths in the
earth's crust. Earth's temperature increases gradually with depth and reaches
4200 ° C in the center. Some of this heat is a remnant of the Earth's fiery
formation 4.5 billion years ago.
However, most of this heat is a work of radioactive isotopes. In accordance
with the second law of thermodynamics, heat passes from the hot zone to the
cold zone. In other words, the earth's heat naturally moves from the higher
center towards the colder surface. In short, geothermal energy is the thermal
energy in hot water, steam and gases deep in the soil.
Where Is Geothermal Energy Used?
Geothermal energy is currently used in industrial processes required by
electricity generation and thermal applications.
Geothermal resources:
Electricity generation,
In heating and cooling processes such as central heating, cooling, greenhouse
heating.
In industrial applications requiring heat such as drying processes
In the production of chemicals and minerals,
In the thermal springs in the tourism sector,
In aquaculture at low temperatures (up to 30 ° C),
It is used in the production of drinking water containing minerals.
Features and Advantages of Geothermal Energy
Geothermal energy has many advantages. It is one of the reasons why geothermal
energy is especially preferred in terms of cost. In order to use geothermal
energy, it is necessary to descend approximately 1.5 km below the ground. Then,
this energy source is obtained thanks to the desire of the hot air to pass to
the cold side. Advantages of geothermal energy:
It is a renewable and clean energy source.
It can be used in residential, agriculture, industry and thermal applications
such as greenhouse heating because it causes near-zero emissions.
It is not affected by meteorological events such as wind, rain or sun.
Obtaining geothermal energy is cheap and safe. Also, unlike other energy
sources, less facility space is required.
It does not cause problems such as diesel, coal and wood transportation.
It does not cause any fossil fuel consumption during its production.
BIOMASS
By
digesting agricultural wastes, forest sector organic wastes, animal wastes
(slaughterhouse wastes, feces, etc.) or urban wastewater in an oxygen-free
environment; Biogas is the fuel obtained through living (biological) sources
such as various aquatic plants, this type of energy is called Biomass Energy
(biomass). In short, the energy obtained from organic materials in various ways
is biomass energy.
The oldest known raw material of this energy, which is mostly used for heating
purposes; firewood, charcoal and animal manure. In addition to this type of
biomass energy obtained by the classical combustion process; It is possible to
obtain biomass fuel and generate heat and electricity from energy agriculture
products, urban wastes, agricultural industry wastes by converting them into
solid, gas and liquid fuels using different techniques. In other words, all substances
of plant and animal origin, the main components of which are carbohydrate
compounds, are defined as "Biomass Energy Source", and the energy
produced from these sources is defined as "Biomass Energy".
It is possible to consider biomass energy in two groups as classical and
modern. First one; firewood obtained from traditional forests and plant and
animal wastes (such as dung) used as fuel. Second, modern biomass energy;
energy forestry and forest-wood industry wastes, agricultural crop wastes, urban
wastes, agriculture-based industry wastes. The growth rate of some trees
(poplar, eucalyptus, aylandiz, paulownia king tree etc.) is higher than natural
forests. It grows in areas with high sunlight and uses water very efficiently;
Plants such as sweet sorghum, sugar cane and corn, which can perform
photosynthesis even at low carbon dioxide concentrations and are more resistant
to seasonal drought than other plants, are called C4 (carbon) plants.
Vegetable biomass is formed as a result of the storage of green plants by
converting solar energy directly into chemical energy through photosynthesis.
Wood (energy forests, various trees), oilseed crops (rapeseed, sunflower, soy,
etc.), carbon-hydrate plants (potato, wheat, corn, beet, artichoke, etc.),
fiber crops (flax, hemp, hemp, sorghum, miscanthus, etc.), protein crops (peas,
beans, wheat, etc.), vegetable residues (branch, stalk, straw, root, shell,
etc.), animal wastes and urban and industrial wastes are evaluated within the
scope of biomass energy technologies and there are many alternatives to
existing fuels. converted into solid, liquid and gaseous fuels.
Biomass Energy Advantages and Disadvantages
Biomass energy has a great potential among alternative energy sources and is a
source that can provide continuous energy, not discrete like wind and sun. The
easy storage of biomass energy provides an advantage over other renewable
energy sources. Biomass is a domestic resource, increasing local production and
employment. Thus, it prevents migration in rural areas and does not cause CO2
increase in the atmosphere. Since biomass emits as much carbon as carbon
dioxide as it takes from the atmosphere when it is burned, it is a fuel that
theoretically does not contribute to the greenhouse effect in the case of renewal
of forest and plant assets.
One of the current uses of biomass fuels is their mixed combustion with fossil
fuels at various rates such as 2-25%. Fossil fuels reduce the pressure on air
pollution when mixed with biomass fuels. For example, when coal is burned with
33-37% biomass in a coal-fired power plant, it has been found that there is a
30% reduction in sulfur dioxide and nitrous oxide emissions.
The use of biofuels in the world is increasing rapidly. The benefits of using
biofuels are as follows:
- Provides a decrease in oil imports,
- Supports sustainable energy,
- Provides the development of energy agriculture,
- It improves the socio-economic structure of the rural areas,
- Creates local jobs and contributes to the development of the manufacturing industry,
- Provides protection of natural energy resources and environment.
- It protects the engine due to its biodiesel lubricant feature.
- It is a safe fuel to use, transport and store because it has a high flash
point temperature, it can be stored in diesel storage conditions and burns
cleaner than diesel.
- With the regional and modern processing of biomass, it is possible to create
regions that provide self-sufficient energy, especially in regions far from
energy lines. Energy production from biomass can create employment
opportunities in rural areas, especially since it requires agricultural labor.
Although biomass energy is generally an environmentally friendly energy source,
it can create some environmental effects depending on the type of biomass used.
For example, wastes generated by burning some garbage and similar wastes
require some environmental precautions.
WAVE ENERGY
Wave energy is a type of energy
obtained from the repulsive motion of waves formed in seas and oceans. Wave is
an unlimited and renewable energy source. In the energy of the wave, the
pressure created by the winds created by the winds on the water surface and in
the depths of the water is used as a source.
Where Is Wave Energy Used?
Of course, the most important area of wave energy use is electricity
generation. Power generation with wave power is not a very practical method and
requires a lot of investment costs. However, it will become even more popular
in the coming years, taking into account that renewable is a clean form of
energy generation and 75% of the world is surrounded by water.
Especially the increasing energy need and the fact that fossil fuels will be
used up all over the world have pushed all countries to seek alternative energy
sources. It is desirable to use natural components such as wind, sun and water
in energy production. Because these are available everywhere, almost unlimited
and renewable. The thrust of these resources is a unique resource for turning a
turbine.
There is no specific standard for electricity generation by wave. Sea and
natural conditions, wind pressures, physical conditions can be different at
each facility. There is no general rule about how the production method is done
in wave power plants such as solar, wind and hydroelectric power plants.
Consequently, it is important for a turbine to be rotated to generate
electricity, and a generator connected to the turbine to magnetize and generate
electricity. However, any engineering calculations of wave energy production
should be done carefully.
Wave Energy Properties And Advantages
Looking at the main features and advantages of wave energy:
- It is a renewable, sustainable energy with an endless source.
- There are no resources to import such as natural gas. It contributes to the
economy of the country.
- It reduces dependence on fossil fuels.
- It's a clean job. It does not cause environmental pollution. It does not
create waste.
- In island countries, it can generate electricity in hard-to-reach coastal
facilities and meets the needs of these regions.
- It creates new job opportunities.
- When the solar power plant is the sun, the wind power plant generates energy
when the wind blows. The generation capacity of wave power plants is more
continuous.
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